Bolton Public Library's building was the gift of Misses Emma and Anna Whitney in honor of their father Captain Joseph Whitney. Its native stone and tile exterior, arched windows, and oak-paneled Gothic interior lead some visitors to guess that it was once a church; in fact, it has always been a library. The building was formally dedicated in 1904.

The library houses over 15,000 books as well as videos and books on tape. There are also several computers for public use - one of which has high-speed-cable Internet access via AT&T Broadband. The Library is a member of Central Massachusetts Regional Library System, and an online affiliate of C/W Mars, a library network serving central and western Massachusetts.

Bolton Public Library is governed by three elected Trustees and supported by an active Friends Group.